Conflict of Laws in Contracts (The Law Governing the Contractual Obligations and the Party Autonomy)
Hamid Reza
Nikbakht
دانشیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
text
article
2005
per
International Law Review
Center for International Legal Affairs of the Presidency
2251-614X
22
v.
شماره 32 (بهار و تابستان)
no.
2005
7
51
https://www.cilamag.ir/article_17984_4e379435a69fdef75008423910b0aac7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22066/cilamag.2005.17984
Treaty Adherence: The Consent Principle and New Developments in Arms Control and Disarmament
Nader
Saed
دانشجوی دکترای حقوق بینالملل در دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2005
per
The consent principle in international treaties is one of the fundamentals of the international treaty law. In accordance with this principle, every treaty is an aftermath of mutual consent of states and/or international organizations to obtain common goals and interests as a result of their cooperation. Hence, states and international organizations need to conclude a treaty, negotiate about its format and contents, stipulate their common views (with observance of international public order), and finally sign or ratify or verify it officially after the finalization of preliminary process of the treaty conclusion as a means of collective co-existence. In all stages, the significance of being voluntary is so much highlighted that affect the conclusion of every treaty especially when the lack of real will make the treaty not binding. There have been some developments in this principle from 1990. This article will analyze the aforesaid principle and its developments which impulses its fundamentals with emphasis at the international process of disarmament, arms control and from non-proliferation Weapons of Mass Destruction.
However, certain practices within international organizations i.e. UN Security Council Resolutions 687 (1991) and 825 (1993) on the Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) capabilities in Iraq and North Korean Withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) respectively, and IAEA Board of Governors resolutions on Iranian nuclear program, prima facie seems to be new developments in this case. They called on and requested Iraq and Iran to enter into the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and Model Additional Protocol to the NPT Safeguard System respectively, and also non-withdrawal form the NPT by the North Korea.
Are these resolutions in the field of arms control and disarmament as any legal developments in changing the voluntarism doctrine on the acceptance of international agreements codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties? This paper, discusses this issue and concludes that they could not change that principle and then, treaty adherence is not legally binding yet.
International Law Review
Center for International Legal Affairs of the Presidency
2251-614X
22
v.
شماره 32 (بهار و تابستان)
no.
2005
53
94
https://www.cilamag.ir/article_17985_ba12a2e42847045267896651022e3e94.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22066/cilamag.2005.17985
Reservations to Treaties and Human Rights Committee General Comment No. 24 (52)
Catherine
J. Redgwell
استاد حقوق بین الملل عمومی دانشگاه حقوق آکسفورد
author
Translated by Tavakol
Habibzadeh
استادیار دانشکده معارف اسلامی و حقوق دانشگاه امام صادق (ع).
author
text
article
2005
per
International Law Review
Center for International Legal Affairs of the Presidency
2251-614X
22
v.
شماره 32 (بهار و تابستان)
no.
2005
95
137
https://www.cilamag.ir/article_17986_1cabbb9546210bf8160a7713b6d6ef28.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22066/cilamag.2005.17986
Réparation des dommages contractuels selon la Convention de la vente internationale de marchandises (1980, Vienne) Étude de droit comparé
Mohsen
Ghassemi
دانشجوی دکترای حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2005
per
En matière de réparation de dommages contractuels, il n’ y a pas de différence sensible entre la Convention de la vente de marchandises de 1980 et le droit des États, - droit iranien, droit français droit égyptien et droit libanais -, ayant fait objet de la présente étude.
Comparés entre eux, ces divers droits, pourtant faisant partie des systèmes différents, révèlent des ressemblances manifestes. Les règles relatives aux caractères tant généraux que spécifiques des dommages réparables paraissent semblables, de même celles applicables aux dommage – intérêts moratoires et à l’anatocisme.
Loin de cantonner les ressemblances au domaine de ces caractères, les modes d’appréciation, d’évaluation et les procédés de détermination du tempes et du lieu de réalisation du dommage subi participent de la même affirmation.
Si la réparation intégrale du dommage contractuel reste le principe commun de divers systèmes en cause, la primauté de la réparation pécuniaire par équivalent bénéficie, elle aussi, dans l’ensemble , d’accord unanime.
Cette unanimité se rencontre aussi en matière de liberté laissée aux juges de choisir le mode de réparation propre et adéquate à la cause, si ce n’est la volonté contraire exprimée par les parties d’adopter un mode de réparation qui leur conviendrait le mieux. Étant entendu qu’a acquis aussi la même faveur le caractère non exclusif des modes de réparation tant pécuniaires que matériels prévus dans la Convention et les lois internes.
Enfin, peuvent de même être cités, dans une certaine mesure, les modes de revente de marchandises, la réduction du prix, la restauration de la marchandise en tant que mode pécuniaire ou matériel de la réparation du dommage subi, applicables en droit iranien, mais sous certaines conditions.
International Law Review
Center for International Legal Affairs of the Presidency
2251-614X
22
v.
شماره 32 (بهار و تابستان)
no.
2005
139
220
https://www.cilamag.ir/article_17987_a0975ce1a1db355f381714bed421c3ca.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22066/cilamag.2005.17987
Exemption from Proceedings for Peacekeepers of Non-State Parties to the Statute of ICC
Carsten
Stahn
استاد حقوق بین الملل کیفری دانشگاه لیدن هلند
author
Translated by Seyyed Hesamedin
Lesani
author
text
article
2005
per
International Law Review
Center for International Legal Affairs of the Presidency
2251-614X
22
v.
شماره 32 (بهار و تابستان)
no.
2005
221
257
https://www.cilamag.ir/article_17988_c57c7ab1315fa89a74a1548fa62aed3d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22066/cilamag.2005.17988
Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism in International Instruments
Amir Hossein
Tayyebi Fard
کارشناس حقوقی بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
author
text
article
2005
per
Suppressing the terrorism financing is one of the ways to combat the phenomenon of terrorism. To this end, the countries, whether directly or through the United Nations, have paved the way to restrain the terrorism financing.
According to the obligatory character, those measures could be classified in to three categories:
1. resolutions passed by the Security Council, particulary resolution 1373, which as per Article 25 of the Charter of the UN should be regarded as an obligatory instrument.
2. the International Convention for the suppression of the financing of Terrorism, drafted by the UN. By virtue of the resolution 1373, the members, of the UN have been called to become parties, as soon as possible, to the convention:
3. FATF Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing and the relevant recommendation from FATF Forty Recommendations. Though it seems these recommendations do not have the strength of the Convention and do not have the support of the resolution 1373, but in practice, they are very important.
The above - mentioned instruments have been so drafted that they are interwoven to and in some cases, they complete each other and somehow repetitive. So that, as per Article 25 of the Charter, the resolution 1373 of the Security Council should be observed by the member states; on the other hand, the resolution requires that the member states to become parties to the convention. In order to implement the Convention, it would be required to pass a law on combating the terrorism financing, according to the standards prescribed in the Convention. Moreover, to preserve the correspondence banking, there would be no choice but to implement the FATF Recommendation.
International Law Review
Center for International Legal Affairs of the Presidency
2251-614X
22
v.
شماره 32 (بهار و تابستان)
no.
2005
259
305
https://www.cilamag.ir/article_17989_430e0b4133992e498d90f77bb5cb16df.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22066/cilamag.2005.17989
United Nations Convention against Corruption
text
article
2005
per
International Law Review
Center for International Legal Affairs of the Presidency
2251-614X
22
v.
شماره 32 (بهار و تابستان)
no.
2005
307
458
https://www.cilamag.ir/article_17990_18481e7dd3b6bdf169f84c31de4bc1b5.pdf