تحدید زمان و قلمرو شمول: گامی به سوی انسانی‌کردن تحریم‌ها

فرخی, منصور

doi:10.22066/cilamag.2016.18538

تحدید زمان و قلمرو شمول: گامی به سوی انسانی‌کردن تحریم‌ها

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

منصور فرخی

استادیار دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه هرمزگان

10.22066/cilamag.2016.18538

چکیده

ازآنجاکه اعمال تحریم‌های گسترده، کل جمعیت کشور مورد تحریم را هدف قرار می‌دهد، برای مردم، به‌ویژه اقشار ضعیف جامعه، مشکلات فراوانی ایجاد می‌کند. یکی از راهکارهای کاهش اثرات منفی تحریم‌ها به‌ویژه تحریم‌های گسترده، تحدید زمان و قلمرو شمول تحریم است. به بیان دیگر، ایجاد محدودیت زمانی و نیز محدودیت در گستره تحریم از جنبه‌های عینی و شخصی، راه را به سوی انسانی‌کردن تحریم‌ها هموار خواهد کرد. دلیل گنجاندن چنین محدودیت‌هایی در تحریم، آن است که اثرات منفی آن نباید گریبان‌گیر کسانی شود که در رفتار یا سیاستی که علت وضع تحریم بوده است، هیچ‌گونه نقشی نداشته‌اند. این قاعده از اصل تفکیک (تمایز) در حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه نشأت گرفته است و بر اساس آن، تحریم باید در حد متعارف، متضمن حداکثر تفکیک میان افراد مسئول و مردم عادی باشد. بدیهی است رعایت این اصل در زمینه تحریم، در صورتی موفقیت‌آمیز خواهد بود که کارآمدی تحریم بر مبنای مشروعیت بین‌المللی آن و با اتکا به همکاری وسیع کشورها و سازمان‌های بین‌المللی در اجرای تحریم به همراه ارزیابی مستمر آثار آن بر مردم کشور هدف (مورد تحریم)، تضمین شود. در مقاله حاضر، مفهوم، طبقه‌بندی و چگونگی گنجاندن قیدهای محدودکننده و تأثیر این سازوکارها بر تقویت ابعاد انسانی تحریم‌ها و مصون‌نگاهداشتن مردم عادی از اثرات منفی آن‌ها، بررسی می‌‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Limitation of Time and Scope: A Step towards the Humanization of Sanctions

نویسنده [English]

Mansour Farrokhi

چکیده [English]

The imposition of comprehensive sanctions by targeting the whole population in a sanctioned State causes a wide range of problems for the people and particularly the weak groups of society. To limit the time and the scope of sanctions is a method to reduce negative consequences of sanctions, specifically comprehensive ones. In other words, determining time limits as well as objective and subjective limitations for sanctions will pave the way to the humanization of sanctions. The reason for the inclusion of the abovementioned limitations is that the people who have no role in the conduct or the policy triggering sanctions, should not bear the negative consequences thereof. This rule stems from the international humanitarian law principle of distinction according to which sanctions should reasonably involve the maximum distinction between the responsible elites and ordinary people. Evidently, the compliance of this principle will only be successful when the efficiency of sanctions program is guaranteed on the basis of its international legitimacy and relying on widespread cooperation among States and international organizations during the implementation of sanctions along with continuous evaluation of their effects on the people of the targeted State. In the present essay, the notion, classification, the inclusion of limitation clauses and the effects of those mechanisms strengthening the humanitarian aspects of sanction will be studied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

sanctions
Suspension of Sanctions
Time-limited Sanctions
Targeted Sanctions
Smart Sanctions
Humanitarian Exemption Clause

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